Near Neighbours comes to Leicester

Here's the text of a press release from the St Philip's Centre for Study and Engagement in a Multi Faith Society that's being circulated today. Rev. Dr Alan Race brought this to the Council of Faiths Board meeting last night, though there wasn't time to do much more than acknowledge it. Clearly it's something to which we should give greater attention.

The Government has today announced a £5 million grant to help bring people who are near neighbours together. Those living in communities that are diverse are encouraged to get to know each other better, build relationships and collaborate together on initiatives that will improve their local community.

To deliver the Near Neighbours programme, the Church Urban Fund and the Church of England are setting up a new charity providing national oversight, called Near Neighbours, who will administer the scheme. Locally, the programme will make use of the parish network of the Diocese of Leicester, and administer the programme through the St Philip’s Centre (other parts of the programme will focus on centres in Bradford, Birmingham and London).

Near Neighbours has two key objectives:

1. social interaction – to develop positive relationships in multi-faith areas
2. social action – to encourage people of different faiths, or no faith, to come together to act for the improvement of their local neighbourhood

The programme will see grants from £250-£5,000 being made available to groups from the Christian faith and other faiths, and those from no faith, who meet the programmes objectives in bringing people together to build relationships and strengthen local communities. The first grants will be released towards the end of 2011.

In announcing the programme in a press release today, the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Eric Pickles, said “religious organisations play an enormous pastoral role in our neighbourhoods and have excellent networks within our communities – no more so than the Church of England … Near Neighbours will build on this and bring folks from different backgrounds together for the good of the community that surrounds them – be it a sports event or working together to improve a local park.2

In welcoming the news that Leicester will be a focus for this new work, the Bishop of Leicester, the Right Reverend Tim Stevens, said, “I am very glad that Leicester has been chosen to be part of the Near Neighbours project. We have a long track record of working together as faith communities to strengthen our community. With partners right across the city and county, we will now be able to continue this work, and ensure we all work together for the common good.”

The project has support from the Inter faith Network for the UK, the Christian Muslim Forum, the Council for Christians and Jews and the Hindu Christian Forum. Dr Musharraf Hussain of the Christian Muslim Forum said, ‘We are hugely grateful to the Department of Communities and Local Government for supporting this work’, and Ramesh Pattni, of the Hindu Christian Forum echoed this message with support of his own, "The Near Neighbours project has a real resonance with the Hindu ethos of the Universal family… We are confident of the positive outcome of greater understanding and local change with the implementation of this project."

Rev. Canon Dr John Hall, Director of the St Philip’s Centre, said, "After several months of careful planning and conversations behind the scenes, it is excellent news that from today we can go public and begin further strengthening the bridges already in place between different faiths and neighbours in Leicester. To be able to have funds to facilitate this will mean a great deal to local people who want to strengthen the association and relationships locally, and of course give practical expression to this through social action. This will enable the Good Samaritan story to live time and time again!"

Read an article on the Near Neighbours project from The Guardian's website:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2011/feb/20/church-of-england-community-cohesion

Find out more about St Philip's Centre for Study & Engagement in a Multi Faith Society:
http://stphilipscentre.dioceseofleicester.com/

Let's Celebrate 365

This is a tremendous exhibition of photographs by Jeremy Hunter, running in the DMU Cube and Screen Lounge Matrix at Phoenix Square Film and Digital Media Centre, Mon 21 February - Tue 5 April. Here's an extract from the notes that go with the show, written by Jeremy Hunter himself:

 "Let's Celebrate 365" is a photographic exhibition that both celebrates the world's diversity and also explores the issues of cultural traditions, rituals, festivals, diversity of beliefs and th4e astounding variety of human society. It also addresses the issues of international community cohesion and principal beliefs and faiths practised within Leicester by drawing upon the panoply of traditions and celebrations of our world through the power of impactful photographs.

One of the strengths of this country is its diversity. So this exhibition illustrates the DNA of our communities and provides the opportunity for us not to respect the difference of our ethnic minorities but also to better understand the extraordinarily different cultures and beliefs practised here.

To understand the great beliefs and faiths of the world you need a window into the soul. Festivals and celebrations have always been just that: an opportunity for entering into a world of myth and legend, drama and music, colour and sound. In our increasingly complex planet, the significance of tolerance as one of our motivating forces in contemporary life has become only too apparent since the start of this millennium

However, this exhibition of Let's Celebrate 365 has much greater importance. It not only helps us enter into a world of different cultures and beliefs. It also makes us realise e inhabit diverse worlds of faith and culture - where the linking commonality is the incredible power of belief.

Let's Celebrate 365 therefore is an exploration of the amazing variety of our multicultural landscape. In thirty-five years of travel to over sixty countries across five continents, I have been able to witness and photograph cultures where people look at the world very differently. Many of the ceremonies and rituals exhibited here have remained unchanged for centuries, in some cases thousands of years. What remains unchanged today and the reason for the continuation of these festivals through the centuries is the belief that participating in them can liberate the celebrant from the miseries and sufferings of life. the atonement of sins, the elements of self punishment and the opportunity to come back changed all remain key elements.

Watch a video of Jeremy Hunter speaking at the launch of his exhibition, Let's Celebrate 365, at Phoenix Square: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C14WCB_dV0w&feature=youtu.be

This page on Phoenix Square's website has a slideshow of images from the exhibition: http://phoenix.org.uk/index.php?cms_id=422

Follow this link to the Phoenix Square blog, where Jeremy Hunter discusses this exhibition: http://phoenixsquare.wordpress.com/2011/02/14/lets-celebrate-365-jeremy-hunter-discusses-his-exhibition/

For more information about Jeremy Hunter, visit: http://www.jeremyhunter.com/

COUNCIL OF FAITHS BOARD MEETING

Our Board of Directors meets in the Welcome Centre this evening. Seven out of our eight member faith communities are represented. Despite the same sort of uncertainty related to funding overshadowing our future, as it does with all Voluntary and Community bodies - or Organisations of Civil Society or however such groups are supposed to be known these days - our work continues unabated. Particularly in this, our silver jubilee year.

DISCOVER ISLAM WEEK AT DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY

Strolling down Bonners Lane through De Montfort University campus this afternoon (just on my way to a routine appointment at my GP in the West End), I spy a table loaded with boxes of Krispy Kreme donuts. Now, that's likely to get my interest for a start. As my innmer Homer Simpson slows down to pay a bit more attention, one of the students running the stall asks if I want to buy a box. When I ask him what they're selling them for, he tells me that they're in aid of "Discover Islam Week" - partly to cvover the costs of the week, partly to raise money for good causes. I'm not aware of this event at azll. I don't know if it's something confined to colleges and universities, or if it's related to Islam Awareness Week, that normally takes place in November. Nevertheless, I'm happy to stop and chat with the students. While I'm rummaging around in my bag for one of my new business cards, I'm greeted by Zubair Sidat, President of the University's Islamic Student Society (ISOC), whom I remember visiting our exhibition in Highcross during National Inter Faith Week last November. I'm chuffed to see that he has one of the social media flyers that we were giving out at that event, well-creased and a bit distressed, but he has it in his pocket. Zubair is in the centre of the group photo above.

I enjoy the chat but resist the Krispy Kremes. Well, they offer me a free one and who could say no to that? Mind you, it's the only time I've ever uttered the words, "I love Islam and I love doughnuts" in the same breath!

I ask Zubair's permission to take some photos and record ask if I can record a few video interviews with the students taking part. He's fine about it, but some of the others are a little apprehensive to start with. Can't blame them for that, although I soon win them over. As well as the two pavement stalls, one on either side of the road, they've set up a marquee outside the university library. I spend a quarter of an hour in there, where I also do a little filming, with their consent and participation.

There are some interesting talks scheduled for each evening of the week. Sadly, coincidence of short notice and Half Term mean I won't be able to get along to any of them.

I offer a loan of the Council of Faiths "Muslims" banner, if someone can phone me Wednesday morning and pick it up from Pilgrim House.

Watch the videos I recorded on the Council of Faiths YouTube channel.

I shared the link to the YouTube channel (and to this blog entry) on the DMU Discover Islam Facebook page.

REDP Core Reference Group

It's the bi-monthly meeting of the Core Reference Group of the Regional Equality and Diversity Partnership (REDP). Gathered here this afternoon at Leicestershire Centre for Integrated Living are representatives from groups working in the protected characteristics and equality strands of disability, faith or belief, LGBT, mental health, older people, race, younger people. Attendees today are drawn from Derbyshire, Leicester, Leicestershire and Lincolnshire.

Naturally, the cuts to the Voluntary and Community Sector dominate our discussion, although we're just as focused on opportunities for us to extend our services as we are on threats to them.

One important item on our agenda is a periodic review of the seats still vacant on this Core Reference Group. We still have to find organisations to take up seats for Age (one for younger people, one for older people); faith or belief (one seat); Gender (two for women, one for men); Transgender (one). As well as covering the various protected characteristics, we're looking to cover as much of the East Midlands as possible - so we're hoping to find some of the groups to fill these vacant seats from Northamptonshire and Nottinghamshire. We've not been in a rush to fill these spaces as we want to get the best people from the right places. We're making progress on this all the time.

MINDFULNESS & MORALITY 6: BAHÁ'Í PERSPECTIVE

At Christchurch, Clarendon Park, for the sixth session in the course on Mindfulness & Morality, offered by Christians Aware as part of their Faith Awareness programme. This 12-week course has been devised by Ian Grayling and Kevin Commons from the Leicester Serene Reflection Meditation Group.

It’s a Bahá'í perspective this evening, led by erm ... me!

Since it's Half Term this week, the attendance drops to just over a dozen, as some of the regulars are on additional parental (or grandparental) duties. Neither Ian nor Kevin are able to attend this evening, so I'm flying solo. That's fine though - it's not as if it's my first time out!

Rather than have me chunter on all evening, I pass round the handout reproduced below, which says some interesting things about the Bahá'í understanding of morality and helps set the scene for the dilemma exercise later in this session. What you can read below is a slightly expanded version of the handout, which I'd cut down to fit on two pages.

Morality & Spiritual Growth

The ultimate aim in life of every human soul, the Bahá'í writings state, should be to attain moral and spiritual excellence – to align one's inner being and outward behaviour with the will of an all-loving Creator. That each individual has been bestowed with a unique destiny by God – a destiny which unfolds in accordance with the free exercise of the choices and opportunities presented in life – lies at the centre of Bahá'í belief. In particular, it is through the moral exercise of our divinely conferred free will that opportunities are provided for spiritual advancement. "All that which ye potentially possess," Bahá'u'lláh confirms, "can ... be manifested only as a result of your own volition."

In a poetic passage, Bahá'u'lláh described the actions of the moral individual and urged His followers to live accordingly:

Be generous in prosperity, and thankful in adversity. Be worthy of the trust of thy neighbour, and look upon him with a bright and friendly face. Be a treasure to the poor, an admonisher to the rich, an answerer of the cry of the needy, a preserver of the sanctity of thy pledge. Be fair in thy judgment, and guarded in thy speech. Be unjust to no man, and show all meekness to all men. Be as a lamp unto them that walk in darkness, a joy to the sorrowful, a sea for the thirsty, a haven for the distressed, an upholder and defender of the victim of oppression. Let integrity and uprightness distinguish all thine acts. Be a home for the stranger, a balm to the suffering, a tower of strength for the fugitive. Be eyes to the blind, and a guiding light unto the feet of the erring. Be an ornament to the countenance of truth, a crown to the brow of fidelity, a pillar of the temple of righteousness, a breath of life to the body of mankind, an ensign of the hosts of justice, a luminary above the horizon of virtue, a dew to the soil of the human heart, an ark on the ocean of knowledge, a sun in the heaven of bounty, a gem on the diadem of wisdom, a shining light in the firmament of thy generation, a fruit upon the tree of humility.

Bahá'u'lláh, like Abraham, Buddha, Christ, Muhammad and the other Divine Messengers who preceded Him, sought to awaken the moral and creative capacities latent in human nature. "Noble have I created thee," is the Divine assurance, "Rise then unto that for which thou wast created." He states that "the purpose for which mortal men have ... stepped into the realm of being, is that they may work for the betterment of the world and live together in concord and harmony." "Let each morn," He urges, "be better than its eve and each morrow richer than its yesterday. Man's merit lieth in service and virtue and not in the pageantry of wealth and riches. Take heed that your words be purged from idle fancies and worldly desires and your deeds be cleansed from craftiness and suspicion. Dissipate not the wealth of your precious lives in the pursuit of evil and corrupt affection, nor let your endeavours be spent in promoting your personal interest... Guard against idleness and sloth, and cling unto that which profiteth mankind, whether young or old, whether high or low."

From the Bahá'í perspective, religion has been the chief civilizing force in human history. Moral maturity thus comes from spiritual awareness. As stressed throughout the Bahá'í writings, the primary purpose of God in revealing His will through His Messengers is to effect a transformation in the moral and material conditions of human existence. The transformation called for by Bahá'u'lláh is directed to the inner character of every human being and to the organization of society – a transformation that engenders cooperation, compassion, rectitude of conduct, and justice. In what is arguably Bahá'u'lláh’s best known work, The Hidden Words (dating from 1853 CE) we find this verse:

The best beloved of all things in My sight is Justice; turn not away therefrom if thou desirest Me, and neglect it not that I may confide in thee. By its aid thou shalt see with thine own eyes and not through the eyes of others, and shalt know of thine own knowledge and not through the knowledge of thy neighbour. Ponder this in thy heart; how it behooveth thee to be. Verily justice is My gift to thee and the sign of My loving-kindness. Set it then before thine eyes.

In linking spiritual development to personal behaviour, Bahá'u'lláh wrote "that the citadels of men's hearts should be subdued through the hosts of a noble character and praiseworthy deeds." He exhorts the world's peoples to "illumine their beings with the light of trustworthiness," "the ornament of honesty," and the "emblems" of "generosity." Service to humankind is the purpose of both individual life and all social arrangements: "Do not busy yourselves in your own concerns; let your thoughts be fixed upon that which will rehabilitate the fortunes of mankind and sanctify the hearts and souls of men."

Bahá'u'lláh sets before us the highest standard of morality and urges us to strive to attain it. To do so is the only path to true happiness and fulfilment. Our moral and spiritual advancement is therefore crucial to our well-being in both this life and the next. As Bahá'u'lláh counsels: "Possess a pure, kindly and radiant heart, that thine may be a sovereignty ancient, imperishable and everlasting."

Rather than invent a situation, I found online a genuine, real-life moral dilemma that was vexing an individual Bahá'í in the USA. This woman sought the guidance of the Universal House of Justice, the centre of authority for the worldwide Bahá'í community (its Seat, on the slopes of Mount Carmel in the Holy Land, is shown in the photo above). Her enquiry is reproduced below, followed by the response from the Universal House of Justice, Department of the Secretariat. I should point out that material of this kind, in which guidance is given an individual, is generally made available to the worldwide Bahá'í community (and by extension, to whoever might want to look at it) online.  This shows the degree of transparency in this process - although anonymity and confidentiality is still assured, of course.

The crux of this person's dilemma is her awareness that “the Bahá'í Writings affirm that the human soul comes into being at the time of conception. However, they do not clearly define the exact biological moment and nature of the event described as conception and this may, indeed, be a question that is insoluble by human thought or investigation, since it relates to mysteries of the spiritual world and the nature of the soul itself.” (From a letter written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice, 6 Feb 1997, to a National Spiritual Assembly).

To the Universal House of Justice
11 August 2001 CE

Here in the United States, President Bush has just allowed funding for limited research on stem cell therapies. I now know what the secular laws in the US say about this, but I am concerned about what Baha'i Law says about using this type of therapy. As a Baha'i who could potentially benefit greatly from this type of therapy, I am reluctant to even inquire from my physician about its possibilities for curing my brain damage, either as a possible research subject or using this therapy once it is fully developed by the scientific community, until I know whether or not Baha'i Law allows for this.

[…] I would much appreciate your consultation and guidance on this issue. Thank you. Please also understand that, regardless of how this may impact on me personally, I am ready to abide fully by whatever guidance and decisions Baha'u'llah chooses to give through the Supreme Body, out of my great love for the Blessed Beauty and for the Institutions He has set up for our guidance. I am confident that, even if a cure for my condition is not within the scope of His Will, that He will continue to provide me with what I need and with opportunities to be of service to His Cause.

*** 

23 August 2001

Dear Baha'i Friend,

[…] You ask whether stem cell therapy is acceptable in Baha'i law. As you are no doubt aware, this new area of scientific inquiry involves a distinction between embryonic and other aspects of stem cell research. Reports appearing in the press and in scientific literature indicate that such exploration is at an early stage. Many fundamental questions about the biological and genetic features of the processes involved, and the physiological implications, remain unresolved, and will become clear only with the passage of time.

Nothing specific has been found in the Baha'i Writings regarding stem cell research and the types of therapy to which it may apply. The House of Justice regards it as premature for it to give consideration to these matters and their spiritual consequences. For the present, believers faced with questions about them are free to come to their own conclusions based on their knowledge of the Baha' i teachings on the nature and purpose of life. However, they should be careful not to make dogmatic statements or to offer their own understanding as a teaching of the Faith.

We have been asked to assure you of the prayers of the House of Justice in the Holy Shrines that the therapy you seek for your own well-being may be found.

We break into three groups to discuss the enquirer's dilemma and the Universal House of Justice's response. Here are some of the comments from the group discussions:

• The enquirer is being asked to be adult, in conformity with possessing God-given free will (though we could question how "free" that can actually be, if it is, in the end, "God-given").
• The Universal House of Justice distinguishes between "embryonic and other aspects of stem cell research", a distinction not in the original enquiry. Is this a way of gently encouraging the enquirer to ensure that they are as well-informed as they can be about the facts of the situation before trying to come to a conclusion? If the treatment that the enquirer needs doesn't involved embryonic stem cells, then she'll surely breathe a sigh of relief.
• The enquirer is being advised not to just sit there and wait for God to provide.
• This kind of guidance shows that Bahá'ís are allowed to make mistakes and are not expected to get everything right all the time.
• The penultimate paragraph of the Universal House of Justice's response may leave the enquirer perplexed that she may be doing the wrong thing. Can't decide whether this sort of response is humane or permissive.
• The Universal House of Justice is ducking out of its responsibility and hasn't really addressed the enquirer's dilemma. Perhaps it would be better to say, even at this stage, whether embryonic stem cell research is likely to contravene Bahá'í standards.
• The Universal House of Justice uses reason as well as scripture in its theological resources (this is in keeping with the Bahá'í principle of the harmony of science and religion).

In researching this presentation, I found an interesting paper comparing the position of various religions on embryonic stem cell research.

"To see oursels as ithers see us"

My friend Catriona Robertson, tweeting as "multifaith", refers to my "fab non-stop blog". When I thank her for that, she came back with this tweet in reply:

multifaith
@counciloffaiths you have a thatcher-like contempt for sleep - & a day job too, I believe ;)

First time the term "Thatcher-like" has been applied to me! Shall I take it as a compliment, faithful reader?

Read Catriona Robertson's own blog:
http://mulitfaith.wordpress.com/

Role of Religion in Society Project (inspired by One Day, No Religion)

Message in my inbox this morning from Dr Lucy Peel, documentary film maker. I'd really urege you to have a look at the video interviews.

Dear Interviewees,

Thank you for participating in the recent "Role of Religion in Society" project, as inspired by the "One Day, No Religion" event. The link below will take you to the article which is now live on my website -

http://lucypeel.com/2011/02/21/the-role-of-religion-in-society/

Again, many thanks for your help - it is very much appreciated. It was a pleasure to work with you all.

Best Wishes,
Lucy Peel

AMPLIFIED COMMUNITIES OF FAITH OR BELIEF (3)

Picked up the March brochure from Phoenix Square this evening and there on p. 15 is the box trailing the March meeting of Amplified Leicester. I have to confess that it's a thrill to see my own name in the programme, in close proximity to those of Woody Allen, Colin Firth, Ken Loach and ... uhm ... Yogi Bear.

NEVER LET ME GO

I set some homework for those attending my session tomorrow (Monday 21) in the Mindfulness and Morality course run by Christians Aware at Christchurch, Clarendon Park Road. I've asked them to try and see the film version of Never Let Me Go, which has gone on general release this week. I've listened to the audio book of the novel by Kazuo Ishiguro and found it very moving. My session tomorrow is going to focus on bioethics and this story addresses that theme head on.

Here are some extracts from the Internet Movie Database about the film. directed by Mark Romanek, from a screenplay by Alex Garland (warning: contains spoilers!)

As children, Ruth, Kathy and Tommy, spend their childhood at a seemingly idyllic English boarding school. As they grow into young adults, they find that they have to come to terms with the strength of the love they feel for each other, while preparing themselves for the haunting reality that awaits them.

The film begins with onscreen captions explaining that a medical breakthrough in 1952 has permitted the human lifespan to be extended beyond 100 years. Subsequently, the film is narrated by 28-year-old Kathy H. as she reminisces about her childhood at Hailsham, as well as her adult life after leaving the school.

The first section of the film depicts the young Kathy, along with her friends Tommy and Ruth, spending their childhood at Hailsham, a seemingly idyllic English boarding school. Gradually, it is revealed that the children are imprisoned on the school grounds and that the film is set in an alternate twentieth century different from our own. At one point, one of the teachers is fired after telling the pupils of their fate: they are destined to provide donor organs for transplants, and will die before they can fulfill their potential. Tommy is emotionally fragile, and Kathy falls in love with him, but Ruth then steals him from her.

In the second section of the film, the three friends, now teenagers, are rehoused in cottages on a rural farm. They are permitted to leave the grounds if they wish, but are resigned to their eventual fate, apparently seeing it as inevitable. At the farm, they meet former pupils of similar schools to theirs. It is revealed that Kathy and the others are all clones, and are fascinated by the idea of finding the original people that they were "modelled on". From the others at the cottages, Kathy and her friends hear rumours of the possibility of "deferral" - a temporary reprieve from organ donation for clones who are in love and can prove it. Tommy becomes convinced that the art gallery at Hailsham was intended to identify clones who have a soul. The relationship between Tommy and Ruth becomes sexual, and jealousy causes Kathy and Ruth to break their friendship. The lonely Kathy applies to become a "carer" - a clone who is given a temporary reprieve from donation as a reward for supporting and comforting donors as they are made to give up their organs. She has become a carer by the time she hears that Tommy and Ruth have split up.

In the third and final section of the film, Kathy is working as a carer some years later. She has watched many clones gradually die as their organs are donated; their deaths are referred to as "completion". She meets Ruth, who is frail after two donations. They find Tommy, who is also weakened by his donations, and drive to the sea. There, Ruth admits that she did not love Tommy, and only seduced him because she was afraid to be alone. She is consumed with guilt, and has been searching for a way to help Tommy and Kathy. She believes that the rumours of "deferral" for couples are true, and has found the address of their old French teacher from Hailsham, whom she thinks may help. Ruth dies on the operating table shortly afterward. Tommy explains to Kathy that he has been creating art in the hope that it will aid deferral. He and Kathy drive to visit the French teacher, who, it transpires, lives with the headmistress of Hailsham. The two teachers tell them that there is no such thing as deferral, and that Tommy's artworks will not help him.

The film ends with Tommy dying on the operating table, and Kathy left alone, knowing that her donations will begin in two weeks. Contemplating the ruins of her childhood, she asks in voice-over whether her fate is really any different from the people who will receive her organs: after all, "we all complete".

We go to see the film at Phoenix Square this evening. I'm beyond that cliché now, that the film is never as good as the book, let's just take that as given from now on. It's not a long book, but neither is it a long film. It could easily have been 20 or 30 minutes longer, without feeling like it had gone on too long. In the book, there's much more about life in the school, but of course, there's no on-screen time for the bankable, box office stars in that part of the story. Subtle as the film is in many ways, still it takes things that are only hinted at in the book and has to hold them in front of the viewer's face. But Carey Mulligan is the most wonderful actor, Keira Knightley draws on some darker and uglier threads than we're used to seeing her do and Andrew Garfield wins our sympathy as a boy who never grows up (he's the new Spider-Man. Either he's got some very different tools in his box or we're going to be presented with a very diffident, introverted interpretation of the webslinger).

I found Never Let Me Go more bleak and downbeat than The Road (which I also listened to on audio book and saw on film at the Phoenix). The kind of society depicted in Never Let Me Go seems only a shade darker than our own, but one from which compassion and humanity has bled out.

The book itself is a perfect example of a first-person narrative, in that we never see or know anything that is not seen or known by our narrator, Kathy H. The film adaptation doesn't stick to this; some important incidents that happen "off stage" in the book (such as Ruth completing) are presented overtly to us. This moment in particular provides one of the most chilling sequences in the film as we see the equipment in the operating theatre being switched off - Ruth being just part of the machinery. In Kathy's worldview (which seems to be held in common with the other children as they grow up), there's simply no possibility of escape, of hiding, of fighting back, of pretending to be someone else, of rising up in revolt. She, Tommy, Ruth and all the other clones whom she knows (and we encounter) at school, at the cottages or in the recovery centres, have their cramped lives charted out for them. The only chance of any deviation is to bargain for a little more time, which can only be granted, like a stay of execution, by those above them. The thought never even enters Kathy's head that they can do anything else. Tommy's angry outburst are the only kind of resistance that we see - and he's considered a freak for doing even that.

The story foregrounds many moral, religious and spiritual issues: free will versus predestination, the value of individual lives, the relative importance of the personal and the social good, and more. It's a beautiful story, if also sad beyond words.